Treatment of trauma

Disclosure and acknowledgment The author is the developer of Control‑Focused Behavioral Treatment, which is discussed in this article. The evidence presented is drawn from published, peer‑reviewed studies, and the author has attempted to present it fairly. During the writing process, he selected the main points for discussion, formulated the arguments, and discussed them with two AI language models (Deepseek and Claude). The AIs also helped with literature search and offered suggestions for the content, structure, and wording of the manuscript, all of which were carefully reviewed by the author and revised as necessary. All conclusions are the author’s own, based… Read More ›

Abstract The central question of this article is whether Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and its so-called third wave derivatives represent genuine progress in the field of psychotherapy. Despite the technical complexity of classical CBT, which comprises cognitive restructuring, behavioral experiments, and various coping skills, there is considerable uncertainty about which components are actually effective. There is considerable evidence that cognitive interventions do not add any additional benefit to behavioral techniques such as exposure to anxiety stimuli or behavioral activation. Approaches collectively referred to as the third wave, such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and Mindfulness-Based… Read More ›

Özet Kognitif Davranışçı Tedavi (KDT) ve türevlerinin psikoterapi alanında gerçek bir ilerleme temsil edip etmediği, bu makalenin temel sorusunu oluşturmaktadır. Klasik KDT’nin kognitif yeniden yapılandırma, davranışsal deneyler ve çeşitli başa çıkma becerilerinden oluşan teknik karmaşıklığına rağmen, hangi bileşenlerin etkili olduğu konusunda ciddi belirsizlikler bulunmaktadır. Kognitif müdahalelerin, anksiyete uyaranlarının üzerine gitme (exposure) veya davranışsal aktivasyon gibi davranışçı tekniklere ek bir katkı sağlamadığını gösteren bir çok kanıt bulunmaktadır. Üçüncü dalga olarak adlandırılan Kabul ve Kararlılık Terapisi (Acceptance and Commitment Therapy – ACT), Diyalektik Davranış Tedavisi (Dialectical Behavior Therapy – DBT), Yargısız Kabullenme Temelli Kognitif Tedavi (Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy – MBCT) gibi yaklaşımlar… Read More ›

The ever-increasing population of the world is being affected by war, environmental degradation, and poverty. Available resources fail to meet the demand for psychological care, given that there is one psychiatrist per every 100,000 in about 70% of the global population. In African countries this ratio is even lower with an average of 5 million people for every psychiatrist. This ratio is possibly lower still for the 43.3 million displaced individuals around the world (UNHCR, 2010). Although European countries are fortunate enough to have an average of one psychiatrist for every 10,000 people (Klecha, Barke, & Gureje, 2004), there is… Read More ›