Torture 
Definition of torture, psychological effects of torture, treatment of torture survivors
A learning theory approach to deprivation of liberty through imprisonment: Implications for definition of torture in international law
(3)January 26, 2025
Abstract In my 2017 book on Torture and Its Definition in International Law: An Interdisciplinary Approach I presented a learning theory formulation of torture to highlight its core definitional characteristics from a behavioral science perspective. These include a) exposure to unpredictable and uncontrollable stressors that pose a risk of helplessness and hopelessness responses and b)… Read More ›
